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Mu'tabara Tariqas
A study of tasauf (Sufism) cannot be separated from the empiric practices of Sufism; the practice of ‘ubãdiyya (ritual) and mu ‘ãmala (social role) within tariqa (Arabic: (ariqa, Sufi order.) Sufism had been practiced and appeared as an institution since teens century after the Prophet Muhammad had exempiffied concretely how to be close to God—such as his tahannuth (contemplation, retreat) in I1irã’ cave, doing midnight prayer (tahaijua’), etc. These practices were later persisted by his adjacent companions, tãbi’ün (people after the companions’ era), and tãbi’ al-tãbi’in (people after the era of the tãbi’iin.) And after that, the next generation who had kept those practices were awliyã’ Allah (saints), who are continuously born century by century until the present time. A line up, the so-called silsila (connecting lineage) — connected from the Prophet to the current shaykhs (leaders, teachers) of tariqas—is a unique genealogy in Sufism studies (like isnhl in the study of Hadith). This lineage creates the teachings and practices of Sufism still alive, survival and lively preserving.
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